Location Tracking and Privacy Short Paper

I finished my degree in Sociology with a minor in History, and since I work at a University that will let me receive more education for free, I have decided to pursue a new degree in Information Technology. I am currently taking an entry-level tech class where I am exploring different types of technology and how it interacts with various fields, environments, and workplaces. This course is surprisingly heavy when it comes to shorter papers (2-5 pages), and so I will be uploading new content to this blog that will have a technology vibe to it. 

    I use a Google Pixel 6 smartphone, which runs on the Android operating system. Android determines location using a combination of GPS, Wi-Fi networks, cell towers, and Bluetooth signals. These technologies allow apps to access my location in real time, often without my direct input. Fortunately, Android gives users the control over location permissions, allowing me to manage which apps can access my location and when – whether only while the app is in use or even in the background. This paper explores how location services operate on my devices and investigates how three commonly used apps – Facebook, Transit, and Google Maps – collect and use location data. By reviewing their privacy policies and adjusting settings, I aim to better understand the balance between convenience and personal privacy.

1. Facebook: collects location data to personalize content, target ads, and suggest nearby events or friends. I can manage location settings and disable location history by going into my settings. Facebook tracks my location even when the app is not open if the background permissions are granted. According to SocialAppsHQ (n.d.), Their policy emphasized that location data is used for ad targeting, and users can opt out of some tracking features.

2. Transit: according to the Transit App (n.d.), tracks your real-time location, including latitude, longitude, speed, and time, to provide accurate transit data. Location tracking only occurs when the app is in the foreground, unless explicitly stated otherwise. Transit collects usage data, such as routes you interact with and device type. You can opt out by revoking location permissions in your phone settings.

3. Google Maps: uses your location for navigation, place recommendations, and location history. As of 2025, Google is shifting to store Timeline data on your device, rather than in the cloud. (Doffman, 2025) You can manage or delete your location history in your timeline, and your data is also used for ads and search personalization. (Google, 2025)

    To enhance privacy, I manually adjusted the settings for Facebook, Transit, and Google Maps on my Pixel 6 by disabling location access entirely through the app permissions menu. I also reviewed each app’s internal privacy settings to turn off location history, background tracking, and personalized features that rely on location data.

 

1. Facebook: I found instructions on iMyPass (n.d.) and CyberProtection (n.d.) to make my Facebook app more secure and prevent it from tracking my location, I can adjust several settings directly on my phone and within the app. On my Google Pixel 6 I went into the Settings > Apps > Facebook > Permissions > Location and selected “Don’t allow” to completely block Facebook from accessing my location. I then opened the Facebook app, tapped the menu (=) Settings & Privacy > Settings scrolled to Location and tapped Location History. I toggled Location History to Off. In the same location, settings menu, I looked for “Allow Location Access” and choose “Never” to prevent background tracking. I then went to Settings & Privacy > Settings > Activity Log. I tapped Filters > Categories > Logged Actions and Other Activity > Location History and deleted any stored location data.

2. Transit: According to the Transit App (n.d.), I can change privacy settings on my Google Pixel 6 by going to Settings > Apps > Transit > Permissions > Location and select “Don’t Allow” to block the app from accessing my location entirely. The App itself does not offer granular location privacy controls, but I can tap the gear icon at the top left on the main screen, scroll to “Getting around” > “Public transit” and disable transportation options I don’t use by unchecking them. I can also toggle off Transit map layers to reduce data visibility. I can change location access to “Ask every time” in Android settings, this way Transit only gets my location when I explicitly allow it.

3. Google Maps: to turn off location access for Google Maps I go to Settings > Apps > Google Maps > Permissions > Location and select “Don’t Allow” to block all location access. Open the Google Maps app, tap your profile icon > Your Timeline, tap the three-dot menu > Settings and privacy and under Location settings, turn off Location History. You can also delete past data by selecting “Delete all Location History.” If you don’t want location-based ads anymore, go to Google Account > Data & privacy > Ad settings and turn off Personalized ads. (Doffman, 2025) I noticed that once I had turned off all permissions, I can no longer receive turn-by-turn navigation to places or estimated travel times. I can still type in address or places and view maps and routes but without live tracking.

Based on the analysis, the following best practices are recommended:

1. Facebook: With all permissions turned off I can still view and post to Facebook and use the Messenger app. I won’t receive friend suggestions, receive local event recommendations, receive ads tailored to my location, and will not be able to tag a location. I don’t really use Facebook a lot and changing these settings won’t affect my use of the app. I think I will leave these settings in place for the time being.

2. Transit: I really cannot use this app with the changes I made, and I will need to change all the settings back. I use the bus daily to commute to work, the grocery store and everywhere else. When I changed all the settings, I am no longer able to use the “Go” feature which helps me navigate a route in real time. It stopped showing me which routes I can take, and I am no longer able to see which stops or routes are close to me. I lose all functions of the app if it cannot track my location in real time.

3. Google Maps: Instead of turning the setting to “Don’t Allow” I can have it set to “Ask every time” so I can choose when I want it to track me and I will still receive accurate directions, ETA estimates and navigations as long as I grant location access when prompted. I will avoid background tracking when the app is not in use, and I will still be able to use the app when needed.

    Based on my research, the best practices for maintaining privacy and security on a smartphone include regularly reviewing app permissions to understand what data each app can access and revoking any that are unnecessary. For location settings, it’s wise to choose “While using the app” or “Ask every time,” especially for apps that don’t require constant tracking. Disabling features like Location History and Precise Location further limits background data collection. Choosing apps that are transparent about their data practices and avoiding those with accessing or unclear permission helps reduce risk. Turning off ad personalization also minimizes tracking across platforms. Keeping your software up to date and using a strong screen lock are essential steps to protect your device from unauthorized access. (Consumer Reports, 2023).

    In an increasingly connected world, tracking has become a powerful tool embedded in everyday mobile experiences. Through this investigation of my Google Pixel 6 and the apps Facebook, Transit, and Google Maps, location services offer both convenience and complexity. While these apps rely on location data to provide personalized content, real-time transit updates, and accurate navigation, they also raise significant privacy concerns. By reviewing their privacy policies and adjusting permission, users can take meaningful steps to protect their personal data. Ultimately, maintaining privacy on a smartphone requires ongoing awareness, thoughtful permission management, and a willingness to prioritize security over convenience. As technology continues to evolve, so too must our understanding of how to safeguard our digital footprints.


References:

Consumer Reports. (2023, October 12). How to protect your privacy on your smartphone. Consumer Reports. Retrieved August 3, 2025, from https://www.consumerreports.org/electronics/privacy/how-to-protect-your-privacy-on-your-smartphone-a1047623171/

CyberProtection. (n.d.). Stop Meta from tracking your information on iOS and Android. CyberProtection. Retrieved August 3, 2025, from https://www.cyberprotection.com/post/stop-meta-from-tracking-information-on-ios-android

Doffman, Z. (2025, May 17). Google is deleting all your location data—Do not miss deadline. Forbes. Retrieved August 3, 2025, from https://www.forbes.com/sites/zakdoffman/2025/05/17/google-is-deleting-all-your-location-data-do-not-miss-deadline/

Doffman, Z. (2025, May 17). Google is tracking your every move—Here’s how to turn it off in 3 steps. Tom’s Guide. Retrieved August 3, 2025, from https://www.tomsguide.com/computing/mobile-apps/google-is-tracking-your-every-move-heres-how-to-turn-it-off-in-3-steps

Google LLC. (2025, July 1). Privacy policy. Google. Retrieved August 3, 2025, from https://policies.google.com/privacy?hl=en-US

iMyPass. (n.d.). How to stop Facebook from tracking your location. iMyPass. Retrieved August 3, 2025, from https://www.imypass.com/gps-location/stop-facebook-tracking/

SocialAppsHQ. (n.d.). Guide to Facebook privacy. SocialAppsHQ. Retrieved August 3, 2025, from https://www.socialappshq.com/facebook/guide-to-fb-privacy/

Transit App. (n.d.). Manage your public transit options. Transit. Retrieved August 3, 2025, from https://help.transitapp.com/article/107-manage-your-public-transit-options

Transit App. (n.d.). Privacy policy. Transit. Retrieved August 3, 2025, from https://transitapp.com/privacy

aB . All Rights Reserved . 2025

Experimental Med/Tech: CRISPR-Based Gene Therapy Short Paper

I finished my degree in Sociology with a minor in History, and since I work at a University that will let me receive more education for free, I have decided to pursue a new degree in Information Technology. I am currently taking an entry-level tech class where I am exploring different types of technology and how it interacts with various fields, environments, and workplaces. This course is surprisingly heavy when it comes to shorter papers (2-5 pages), and so I will be uploading new content to this blog that will have a technology vibe to it. 

    Recent breakthroughs in gene-editing technology have opened new possibilities for treating genetic disorders. In late 2023, the FDA approved two CRIPSR-based gene therapies – Casgevy and Lyfgenia – for sickle cell disease, marking a significant milestone in precision medicine. These therapies work by modifying patients’ blood stem cells to increase fetal hemoglobin, which prevents the sickling of red blood cells. Sickle cell disease affects approximately 100,000 individuals in the United State and is associated with severe pain, organ damage and reduced life expectancy. The potential benefits of CRISPR-based therapies include improved quality of life, fewer complications, and reduced healthcare costs (U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 2023). Traditional treatments such as blood transfusions and bone marrow transplants are costly, risky, and not curative. In contrast, CRISPR therapy offers the possibility of a one-time, curative solution. (Saionz, 2025).

    The core innovation behind CRIPSR-based gene therapy for sickle cell disease (SCD) lies in its ability to precisely edit a patient’s DNA to correct or bypass the genetic defect responsible for the condition. CRIPSR/Cas9 is a groundbreaking gene-editing tool that enables scientists to target and modify specific genes with remarkable accuracy. In the case of SCD, the therapy focuses on editing blood stem cells to increase the production of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) – a from of hemoglobin that does not sickle and can functionally replace the defective adult hemoglobin (Azar, 2024). Stem cells are harvested from the patient’s bone marrow and edited using CRISPR/Cas9 to disrupt the BCL11A gene, which normally suppresses HbF production. The modified stem cells are then re-infused into the patient, where they begin generating healthy red blood cells containing fetal hemoglobin (Harvard Medical School, 2025). This approach offers the potential for a one-time, curative treatment, rather than lifelong disease management.

    Sickle cell disease is a debilitating blood disorder, and CRISPR-based gene therapy offers new hope for patients who have long suffered from chronic pain, anemia, organ damage, stroke, and reduced life expectancy. By addressing the root genetic cause, this therapy has the potential to dramatically improve quality of life. Beyond sickle cell disease, CRISPR technology holds promise for treating other inherited blood disorders, such as beta-thalassemia, which also results from faulty hemoglobin production. The broader category of hemoglobinopathies presents numerous opportunities for gene-editing research. Additionally, scientists are exploring whether CRISPR could be adapted to target certain cancers or rare genetic conditions like muscular dystrophy and cystic fibrosis (Saionz, 2025)

    For patients undergoing CRISPR therapy, the immediate benefits include a reduction in painful episodes caused by blocked blood flow from sickled cells. Many report decreased fatigue, fewer hospital visits, and an increased ability to participate in daily activities. These improvements also benefit healthcare systems by reducing emergency room visits and streamlining treatment into one-time intervention rather than ongoing management.

    As with any groundbreaking medical innovation, CRISPR-based gene therapy raises important concerns about access, affordability, and responsible use. Sickle cell disease disproportionately affects individuals of African descent, particularly those in low-income communities. These populations have historically faced systematic barriers to healthcare, and there is growing concern that advanced treatments like CRISPR may not be equitably distributed (Molteni, 2023). The launch prices for the FDA-approved therapies – Casgevy and Lyfgenia – are staggering, making them inaccessible to most patients without substantial insurance coverage or government assistance. In response, the U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services introduced the Cell and Gene Therapy Access Model, which allows states to negotiate outcome-based payment agreements with manufacturers. This initiative acknowledges that many individuals who need these therapies are also among those least able to afford them. (Cohen, 2025).

    While CRISPR technology is revolutionizing healthcare, it also has profound implications across other fields – particularly agriculture. Scientists have used CRISPR to enhance crop yield, nutritional value, and resistance to pests, diseases, and environmental stress. It has been applied to boost levels of vitamins and minerals, improve taste and shelf life, and reduce allergens in food. For example, susceptibility genes in crops like rice and wheat have been knocked out to make them resistant to fungal and bacterial infections. Instead of relying on chemical pesticides, crops can be edited to naturally deter pests, increasing insect resistance. CRISPR also enables crops to survive with less water or thrive in extreme climates such as heat or cold (Atimango, 2024). Many of these foods are already part of our food system, often labeled as GMOs. However, regulatory approaches vary: some countries treat CRISPR-edited foods like traditional GMOs, while others – such as the United States – do not, provided no foreign DNA is introduced. Public acceptance of CRISPR-edited foods varies widely, and education will be key to building trust and understanding.

    CRIPSR-based gene therapy represents a groundbreaking advancement in the treatment of sickle cell disease, offering the possibility of a one-time cure for the condition that has long been managed through costly and limited interventions. While the scientific and clinical benefits are profound, the technology also raises important questions about equitable access, affordability, and responsible use. Beyond healthcare, CRISPR’s potential extends into agriculture and other fields, demonstrating its versatility and transformative power. As research and policy continue to evolve, it will be essential to ensure that these innovations are both effective and accessible to those who need them most.


Resources:

Atimango, Alice. O (2024). Genome Editing in Food and Agriculture. Trends in Food Science & Technology. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0958-1669(24)00063-6

Azar, S. (2024, June 10). CRISPR gene therapy for sickle cell disease. Mass General Brigham. https://www.massgeneralbrigham.org/en/about/newsroom/articles/gene-therapy-for-sickle-cell-disease

Cohen, J. (2025, August 2). Novel access model for sickle cell disease gene therapy could be template. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/joshuacohen/2025/08/02/novel-access-model-for-sickle-cell-disease-gene-therapy-could-be-template/

Harvard Medical School. (2025, February 20). Creating the world’s first CRISPR medicine, for sickle cell disease. https://hms.harvard.edu/news/creating-worlds-first-crispr-medicine-sickle-cell-diseaseSaionz, A. (2025, July 1). Cell & gene therapies in 2025: Breakthroughs, challenges, and the path to accessible innovation.

Molteni, M. (2023, March 7). CRISPR cures for sickle cell disease raise equity concerns. STAT. https://www.statnews.com/2023/03/07/crispr-sickle-cell-access/

PharmaBoardroom. https://pharmaboardroom.com/articles/cell-gene-therapies-in-2025-breakthroughs-challenges-and-the-path-to-accessible-innovation/

U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (2023, December 8). FDA approves first gene therapies to treat patients with sickle cell disease [Press release]. https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-first-gene-therapies-treat-patients-sickle-cell-disease

aB . All Rights Reserved . 2025

Virtual PCR Lab Short Paper

I finished my degree in Sociology with a minor in History, and since I work at a University that will let me receive more education for free, I have decided to pursue a new degree in Information Technology. I am currently taking an entry-level tech class where I am exploring different types of technology and how it interacts with various fields, environments, and workplaces. This course is surprisingly heavy when it comes to shorter papers (2-5 pages), and so I will be uploading new content to this blog that will have a technology vibe to it. 

    The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a cornerstone technique in molecular biology that enables scientists to amplify specific segments of DNA with remarkable precision and efficiency. Developed in the 1980s, PCR has transformed biological research and diagnostics by allowing the replication of millions of copies of a DNA sequence from a minimal starting sample. This process mimics natural DNA replication but is carried out in a controlled laboratory setting using cycles of heating and cooling. PCR is now indispensable in fields ranging from medical diagnostics and forensics science to genetic research and biotechnology, offering a powerful tool for analyzing genetic material quickly and accurately. (Wellcome Connecting Science)

    Denaturation is the first step in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) cycle. During this phase, the reaction mixture is heated to a high temperature, 95 degrees according to the simulation. This heat causes the hydrogen bonds between the two strands of the DNA double helix to break, effectively separating the DNA into single strands. This separation is crucial because it exposes the nucleotide sequences, allowing primers to bind during the next step (annealing). Without denaturation, the DNA strand would remain paired, and the polymerase enzyme wouldn’t be able to access the template for replication.

    Following denaturation, the PCR mixture is cooled to a lower temperature, 50 degrees according to the simulation, to allow the annealing step to occur. During this phase, short DNA primers bind, or anneal, to their complimentary sequences on the single-stranded DNA templates. Primers are essential because they provide a starting point for DNA synthesis. Each primer is designed to match a specific region flanking DNA sequence. The temperature must be carefully controlled: too high, and the primers won’t bind; too low, and they might bind non-specifically.

    The final step in the PCR cycle is extension, which occurs at 72 degrees according to the simulation, the optimal temperature for the enzyme Taq polymerase. During this phase, Taq polymerase attaches to the primers that have bound to the single-stranded DNA and begins to synthesize new DNA strands by adding complementary nucleotides. This process effectively rebuilds the double-stranded DNA, using the original strand as a template. Each cycle of PCR results in a doubling of the target DNA sequence, leading to exponential amplification over multiple cycles. In the simulation, this step is shown as the enzyme moving along the DNA strand, extending it by adding matching base pairs, and completing the replication process for that cycle.

    After completing the PCR simulation, the final outcome showed a successful amplification of the target DNA sequence. Each cycle approximately doubles the amount of DNA, leading to exponential growth. After 30 cycles there were over a billion copies. (University of Utah)

    A compelling real-world example of PCR is its use in medical diagnostics, particularly in detecting infectious diseases like COVID-19. During the pandemic, PCR tests became the gold standard for identifying active infections due to their high sensitivity and specificity. PCR was used to detect the presence of SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19, by amplifying viral RNA (converted to DNA via reverse transcription). This allowed healthcare providers to identify infected individuals quickly and accurately, even when viral loads were low. (cognifyo) The positive impacts of this were widespread testing and early detection, informed public health decisions and containment strategies, and supported vaccine development and monitoring of variants. Ethical consideration of this real-world example could be the handling of genetic data that raises questions about data protection and consent, disparities in testing availability, and the misinterpretation of results that could lead to unnecessary isolation or missed diagnoses. This application shows how PCR can be both a powerful tool and a source of ethical debate, especially when deployed at scale in public health contexts.

    Exploring the PCR process through the Learn.Genetics simulation deepened my understanding of how each step – denaturation, annealing, and extension – contributes to the precise amplification of DNA. Seeing the process unfold visually helped reinforce the theoretical knowledge I had gained through research. The simulation also highlighted the importance of temperature control and the role of enzymes and primers in ensuring accurate replication. It was fascinating to observe how a relatively simple cycle, when repeated, could yield billions of DNA copies. This hands-on experience made the abstract concept of exponential amplification much more tangible and meaningful.

Resources:

Cognifyo. (n.d.). Understanding PCR: Test mechanism and impact. https://cognifyo.com/articles/understanding-pcr-test-mechanism-impact/

University of Utah. (n.d.). PCR virtual lab. Learn.Genetics. https://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/labs/pcr/

Wellcome Connecting Science. (n.d.). What is PCR? (Polymerase chain reaction). YourGenome. https://www.yourgenome.org/theme/what-is-pcr-polymerase-chain-reaction/


aB . All Rights Reserved . 2025

Nanotechnology Short Paper

I finished my degree in Sociology with a minor in History, and since I work at a University that will let me receive more education for free, I have decided to pursue a new degree in Information Technology. I am currently taking an entry-level tech class where I am exploring different types of technology and how it interacts with various fields, environments, and workplaces. This course is surprisingly heavy when it comes to shorter papers (2-5 pages), and so I will be uploading new content to this blog that will have a technology vibe to it. 

    Before beginning this assignment, my understanding of nanotechnology in consumer products was limited. The only item I was aware of that incorporated nanoparticles was sports clothing, particularly those designed to be antimicrobial or odor-resistant. Curious to learn more, I chose to investigate this product further. During another assignment in this module, I discovered that nanotechnology is also used in sports equipment – specifically in Wilson tennis rackets and tennis balls. This unexpected connection between advance materials and athletic performance sparked my interest. In this paper, I will explore how nanotechnology is applied in both textiles and sports equipment, examining the benefits these innovations bring to consumers and the potential risks they pose to health and the environment.

    Textile products, especially sportswear and socks, often incorporate silver nanoparticles embedded within the fabric to kill bacteria and reduce odor. This nanotechnology helps keep clothing fresher for longer and reduces the need for frequent washing, offering both convenience and environmental benefits. However, these advantages come with important trade-offs. One major concern is that silver nanoparticles can leach out during washing, entering water systems and potentially harming beneficial microbes. This can lead to bioaccumulation, where nanoparticles build up in aquatic organisms like fish and plankton. If these contaminated organisms are consumed by humans, the nanoparticles could enter our bodies, raising health concerns. Additionally, silver nanoparticles are antimicrobial, meaning they kill bacteria. While this is useful in textiles, prolonged exposure to low levels of silver could contribute to resistance development, similar to antibiotic resistance. Over time, this could reduce the effectiveness of silver-based medical treatments. These risks highlight the need to consider the ethical and environmental implications of nanotechnology in consumer products. While such innovations are often marketed as cutting-edge and beneficial, consumers are rarely informed about the potential hazards. As nanotechnology becomes more common in everyday items, transparency and responsible regulation will be essential. (Matthew, 2019)

    Nanotechnology has significantly transformed sports equipment, offering athletes enhanced performance, durability, and comfort. One notable example is the use of carbon nanotubes in tennis rackets, such as those produced by Wilson. These nanomaterials have exceptionally high strength-to-weight ratio, making rackets both stronger and lighter. This allows players to swing faster and with greater control, improving overall gameplay. Additionally, carbon nanotubes help absorb shock and reduce vibration, which can prevent injuries like tennis elbow and enhance comfort during play. The technology also improves energy transfer, giving players more power, precision, and responsiveness on the court. (Nanopowder, 2024) Despite these benefits, there are important environmental and ethical concerns. The production of carbon nanotubes involves complex chemical processes that may generate toxic byproducts. If worn-out rackets are not properly disposed of, they could contribute to nanoparticle pollution, posing risks to ecosystems and human health. Furthermore, the integration of carbon nanotubes requires specialized tools and techniques, increasing manufacturing costs and making these advanced rackets less accessible to casual or beginner player (My Tennis Rackets). As with textiles, the use of nanotechnology in sports equipment highlights the need for responsible innovation. While these products offer clear performance advantages, their environmental footprint and accessibility must be carefully considered.

    Growing up, I played tennis regularly and remember using a Wilson tennis racket. At the time, I had no idea that sports equipment could be enhanced by advance materials. My racket required a lot of skill and strength to hit the ball across the court, and as I gained experience, I was able to generate more power and control. Although I haven’t played in years, learning about nanotechnology in modern rackets made me wonder how different my experience might be today. I imagine that a racket infused with carbon nanotubes would feel much lighter and smoother than the one I used, potentially improving performance and reducing strain.

I was also an avid runner for many years and invested in clothing designed to keep me dry and comfortable during long distances. I was amazed how certain shirts could stay fresh even after a long 10-mile run – something that would be impossible with a regular cotton shirt. I also researched and purchased specialized socks that kept my feet dry and blister-free during marathons. Until this module, I had no idea that these everyday items in my closet were most likely enhanced by nanotechnology, specifically silver nanoparticles. Learning about the science behind these products has given me a new appreciation for how technology quietly supports and improves our daily lives.

    Nanotechnology is no longer confined to laboratories or futuristic concepts – it’s already embedded in the everyday items we wear and use. Through this exploration, I’ve gained a deeper understanding of how silver nanoparticles in textiles and carbon nanotubes in tennis rackets enhance performance, comfort, and durability. These innovations offer clear benefits, from odor-resistance clothing to lighter, more powerful sports equipment. However, they also raise important ethical and environmental questions, such as the potential for nanoparticle pollution, bioaccumulation, and resistance development. As consumers, we benefit from these advancements, but we also have a responsibility to stay informed and consider the broader implications. It is essential that innovation is paired with transparency and sustainability to ensure that the benefits of nanotechnology do not come at the expense of our health or the environment.

Resources:

Nanopowder and Nanoparticles. (2024, December 31). Use of carbon nanotubes in tennis rackets. https://nanomaterialpowder.com/use-of-carbon-nanotubes-in-tennis-rackets/

Mathew, J. (2019). Nano-enabled consumer products: Cosmetics, textiles, and packaging. ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/John-Mathew-26/publication/392078848_Nano-Enabled_Consumer_Products_Cosmetics_Textiles_and_Packaging/links/6832fcac6b5a287c3044fa47/Nano-Enabled-Consumer-Products-Cosmetics-Textiles-and-Packaging.pdf

My Tennis Rackets. (n.d.). Why are carbon nanotubes used in tennis rackets? Retrieved July 26, 2025, from https://mytennisrackets.com/why-are-carbon-nanotubes-used-in-tennis-rackets/

aB . All Rights Reserved . 2025

Geothermal Energy Short Paper

  I finished my degree in Sociology with a minor in History, and since I work at a University that will let me receive more education for free, I have decided to pursue a new degree in Information Technology. I am currently taking an entry-level tech class where I am exploring different types of technology and how it interacts with various fields, environments, and workplaces. This course is surprisingly heavy when it comes to shorter papers (2-5 pages), and so I will be uploading new content to this blog that will have a technology vibe to it. 

Geothermal Energy is heat that comes from the Earth’s interior. This heat originates from the formation of the planet and from radioactive decay of minerals deep within the Earth. Deep underground, the Earth’s core heats the surrounding rock, and water creates a heat source. Wells are drilled to bring hot water or steam to the surface which can then be turned into energy. The water or steam can be turned into electricity by having a turbine connected to a generator that will spin. The hot water can also be directly used to heat buildings, greenhouses, or industrial processes. (U.S. Department of Energy)

Geothermal Energy is renewable and sustainable as the Earth continuously produces heat making this a virtually inexhaustible energy if managed properly. Geothermal plants, where the steam or water is transformed into electricity or energy, emit very little greenhouse gases compared to fossil fuel plants. Geothermal Energy is very reliable and consistent as it is available 24/7 regardless of the time of day or season of the year. Other renewable energy sources such as wind or solar can’t say this. Using geothermal energy will make dependence on imported fuels less necessary as we can use local resources for all our needs. (U.S. Geological Survey, 2025)

There are some restrictions when it comes to geothermal energy as you can only place a geothermal site near tectonic plate boundaries or volcanic activity for it to work well. (Center for Sustainable Systems, 2023) You need to drill deep wells and build a plant to extract the water or steam, which can be a pricey investment upfront. (Akindipe, 2025) If the plant is not maintained correctly, the geothermal reservoir could cool down or lose pressure over time which may reduce its energy output. Some geothermal systems require a lot of water for cooling and reinjection, which can be a concern if the plant is in an arid area. (Energy & Geoscience Institute)

Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) and Closed-Loop Geothermal Systems (CLGS) are making it possible for geothermal plants to be in areas previously considered unsuitable. In the last 10 years, the amount of electricity made from geothermal energy has increased by about 40% which means more countries are building geothermal plants and using the Earth’s heat to make electricity. Geothermal plants are more reliable than solar and wind which adds to grid stability which is probably why more countries are implementing this as an alternative to solar and wind which only work when the sun is shining or when it is windy. (Exergy, 2024) Governments and companies are starting to pay more attention to geothermal energy. They are making new rules and programs to make it easier and safer to build geothermal plants. Investors are also putting more money into geothermal projects because they see it as a smart, long-term energy solution. Oil companies already know how to drill deep into the Earth to get fossil fuel. Advanced drilling and underground mapping techniques are now being used for geothermal energy as well. This helps lower the cost and makes it easier to find this renewable source of heat underground. (International Energy Agency, 2024)

As geothermal energy grows, there will be more jobs in engineering, geology, environmental science, and renewable energy policy. Companies will want to invest in geothermal to reduce energy costs, meet green energy goals, or qualify for government incentives. Professors in the tech and science fields might focus on developing new geothermal technologies or improving existing systems. (Center for Sustainable Systems)

Drilling into the ground can disrupt the underground ecosystem and affect water quality if not done carefully. It is important that geothermal plants be built in areas where they will not disrupt nature and those living close by. (Clark, 2012) Wealthier countries will have more resources to develop geothermal energy, while poorer nations may struggle to afford it. (Hadhazy, 2025)

    UVU uses a geothermal system to heat and cool many of its buildings and has been doing so for over 40 years. UVU sits above a large underground aquifer that stays at a constant temperature year-round regardless of the weather outside. They pump water from the aquifer and run it through a system that either absorbs heat (for cooling) or releases heat (for warming). After the water is used, it is returned to the aquifer so there is no net loss of water, and no pollution is introduced. This is called an open-loop geothermal heat exchange, and it helps UVU reduce its use of natural gas and electricity. I was given a tour last week of the new engineering building that is almost complete on campus. This building is completely heated and cooled by the aquifer and uses other amazing renewable energy sources as well. (Utah Valley University) 

    There are quite a lot of geothermal systems in place in Utah from wells and springs with temperatures ranging from warm water to as high as 200 degrees Fahrenheit. The former State Prison and the Hi-Tech Fishery in Bluffdale are some examples. Utah is also home to three geothermal power plants. The Blundell Geothermal Power Plant is in Beaver County and receives its energy from the Roosevelt Hot Springs area. The Cove Fort Geothermal Power Plant is also located in Beaver County and was the first geothermal plant 

in the world to combine geothermal and hydropower technologies. It uses a submersible downhole generator in the injection well that captures energy from the water as it flows back into the Earth which reduces the wear and tear on the equipment, generates extra electricity, and improves efficiency. (Enel Green Power, 2016) The third geothermal plant is also in Beaver County and contributes to Utah’s goal to reduce its reliance on fossil fuels. (Utah Division of Water Rights, 2024)

Resources:

Akindipe, O. (2025). 2025 geothermal drilling cost curves update. Stanford Geothermal Workshop. https://pangea.stanford.edu/ERE/db/GeoConf/papers/SGW/2025/Akindipe.pdf

Center for Sustainable Systems. (2023). Geothermal energy factsheet. University of Michigan. https://css.umich.edu/publications/factsheets/energy/geothermal-energy-factsheet

Clark, C., Sullivan, J., Harto, C., Han, J., & Wang, M. (2012). Life cycle environmental impacts of geothermal systems. Argonne National Laboratory. https://pangea.stanford.edu/ERE/pdf/IGAstandard/SGW/2012/Clark.pdf

Enel Green Power. (2016, December 20). Cove Fort: The new geothermal frontier. https://www.enelgreenpower.com/stories/articles/2016/12/cove-fort-the-new-geothermal-frontier

Energy & Geoscience Institute. (n.d.). Water usage concerns in geothermal operations. University of Utah. https://geothermal.egi.utah.edu/research/water-usage-concerns/

Exergy. (2024, February 6). The future of geothermal energy: Insights and key takeaways from latest IEA report. Exergy. https://www.exergy-orc.com/the-future-of-geothermal-energy-insights-and-key-takeaways-from-latest-iea-report/

Hadhazy, A. (2025, February 21). The future of geothermal for reliable clean energy. Stanford Doerr School of Sustainability. https://sustainability.stanford.edu/news/future-geothermal-reliable-clean-energy

International Energy Agency. (2024, December). The future of geothermal energy. https://www.iea.org/reports/the-future-of-geothermal-energy

U.S. Department of Energy. (n.d.). Geothermal basics. https://www.energy.gov/eere/geothermal/geothermal-basics

U.S. Geological Survey. (2025, July 7). It’s a hot topic: Geothermal energy, and how USGS science could help harness it. https://www.usgs.gov/news/featured-story/its-a-hot-topic-geothermal-energy-and-how-usgs-science-could-help-harness-it

Utah Division of Water Rights. (2024, May). Geothermal activity in Utah. https://waterrights.utah.gov/geothermal/resources/Utah-Geothermal-Activity.pdf

Utah Geological Survey. (n.d.). Geothermal resources. https://geology.utah.gov/energy-minerals/geothermal/

Utah Valley University. (n.d.). Energy. UVU Sustainability. https://www.uvu.edu/sustainability/doing/energy.html

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VR Headset Comparison Short Paper

I finished my degree in Sociology with a minor in History, and since I work at a University that will let me receive more education for free, I have decided to pursue a new degree in Information Technology. I am currently taking an entry-level tech class where I am exploring different types of technology and how it interacts with various fields, environments, and workplaces. This course is surprisingly heavy when it comes to shorter papers (2-5 pages), and so I will be uploading new content to this blog that will have a technology vibe to it. 

   I selected the Meta Quest 3, Valve Index, and PlayStation VR2 for comparison, focusing on key aspects such as display quality, comfort, ease of setup, and whether each headset operates as a standalone device or requires a PC or console. My analysis also highlights each headset’s strengths, weaknesses, and the types of users each model is best suited for.

    The Meta Quest 3 is a standalone headset but can also be tethered to a PC. The display quality is high-resolution with a wide field of view and color passthrough for mixed reality. The headset is lightweight and well-balanced, and has an adjustable IPD, but some users have reported strap discomfort and that it has been known to snag hair. (Palmer, 2025) IPD refers to interpupillary distance, which is the distance between the centers of your eyes. Aligning the headset’s lenses to match your IPD will reduce eye strain, dizziness or discomfort and give you better clarity, which is important. This headset is extremely easy to set up and does not require eternal sensors or a console. Some of its strengths lie in the excellent value for money, the backwards compatibility with Quest 2 apps, and the powerful Snapdragon Gen 2 processor. Its weaknesses are a short battery life, no eye-tracking. This headset is used mainly by casual gamers, fitness enthusiasts, and users who want a portable, all-in-one VR experience without needing a PC. (Greenwald, 2025)

    The Valve Index is a tethered headset that requires a powerful PC. The display quality provides excellent visuals with a high refresh rate and wide field of vision. It is extremely comfortable for long sessions and fits well even if you wear glasses. The setting up is more complex as it requires an eternal base station for tracking. Its strengths include industry-leading tracking accuracy, high-quality controllers with finger tracking, and that it is great for room-scale VR. Its weaknesses are that it is more expensive, the set-up is time consuming, and it requires a high-end PC. This headset is great for enthusiasts, developers, and simulation gamers who want the most immersive and precise experience. (Greenwald, 2025)

    The PlayStation VR2 is a tethered headset that requires a PlayStation 5 to work. The display quality is excellent as it uses an OLED display with 4K resolution and HDR. OLED means Organic Light Emitting Diode and is a type of screen technology where each pixel emits its own light unlike LCDs which require a backlight. You get vivid colors this way and high-contrast ratios. Having an OLED display in VR can make night scenes more immersive and give you better depth perception. (Heaney, 2023) The comfort on this headset was improved from the previous model with an adjustable headband and good weight

distribution. It is easy to set up as you just plug it into the PS5 to use it, no external sensors are needed. Its strength lies in that it is optimized for PS5 games, it has eye-tracking and haptic feedback, and great exclusive titles not available anywhere else. Its weaknesses are that it is limited only to the PS5 system which has a smaller software library compared to PC VR. This headset is best for console gamers who already own a PS5 and want high-quality VR gaming with minimal setup. (Greenwald, 2025)

Feature	Meta Quest 3	Valve Index	PlayStation VR2
Display Quality	High-res, Color Passthrough	Excellent Visuals, wide Field-of-Vision	4K OLED, HDR
Comfort	Lightweight, Adjustable IPD	Comfortable, Glasses Friendly	Improved Comfort, Balanced
Ease of Setup	Very Easy	Complex	Easy with PS5
Standalone/Tethered	Standalone (PC optional)	Tethered to PC	Tethered to PS5
Strengths	Affordable, Portable, Backwards Compatible	Top-Tier Tracking, Finger Controllers	Eye-Tracking, Haptics
Weaknesses	Short Battery Life, No Eye Tracking	Expensive, Set-Up-Intensive	PS5 only, Smaller Library
Best For	Casual User, Fitness, Mobile Users	Enthusiast, Sim Gamer, Developer	Console Gamers with PS5

    Personally, I have only used a VR headset with the PlayStation. My brother owns the original VR headset released by PlayStation to work with the game titled Beat Saber. In this game you wear the headset and hold two motion controllers that look like lightsabers on the screen. You slice through blocks that fly towards you in sync to music, so it requires timing and coordination to play this game. Other obstacles come in your way as the levels progress requiring you to duck and dodge as well, making it a completely immersive game. The levels of difficulty go up as you get better and you can pick from many different music genres like pop, rock, electronic, and much more. I remember playing this when it first came out almost 10 years ago and the technology being impressive and fun. After playing the game for a bit, your eyes would need to adjust to reality again as the headset was different and made you close off from the real world.

    Virtual Reality (VR) is profoundly reshaping society by enhancing how we learn, work, play, and connect with others. However, its growing influence brings important accessibility and ethical challenges. While fields like education and healthcare stand to benefit greatly from VR, access to this high-cost technology remains limited for many. Physical and economic barriers – such as the need for precise hand movements, full mobility, and reliable vision and hearing – can exclude users with disabilities. Although hardware continues to improve with lighter, more ergonomic designs, significant progress is still needed to make VR truly inclusive. Because VR heavily relies on sight and sound, individuals with low vision or hearing impairments often cannot fully engage with current experiences. (Öncüler, 2024) Similarly many VR applications assume full physical mobility, leaving out users with motor impairments. As the technology evolves, there is hope that VR will become not only more physically accessible but also more affordable – ensuring that its benefits can be shared by all.

References:

Greenwald, W. (2025, July 4). The best VR headsets we've tested (July 2025). PCMag. https://www.pcmag.com/picks/the-best-vr-headsets

Heaney, D. (2023, February 21). PSVR 2 specs & technical analysis: Displays, lenses, reprojection, and more. UploadVR. https://www.uploadvr.com/psvr2-technical-analysis/

Öncüler, U. (2024, March 1). Future of virtual reality and web accessibility. 618Media. https://618media.com/en/blog/virtual-reality-and-web-accessibility/

Palmer, A., Wise, D., & Stout, A. (2025, June 11). The 3 best VR headsets of 2025 | Tested & rated. TechGearLab. https://www.techgearlab.com/topics/cool-gadgets/best-vr-headset

aB . All Rights Reserved . 2025

Open Data and Its Practical Applications: Using a Dataset Responsibly and Ethically

  I finished my degree in Sociology with a minor in History, and since I work at a University that will let me receive more education for free, I have decided to pursue a new degree in Information Technology. I am currently taking an entry-level tech class where I am exploring different types of technology and how it interacts with various fields, environments, and workplaces. This course is surprisingly heavy when it comes to shorter papers (2-5 pages), and so I will be uploading new content to this blog that will have a technology vibe to it.

How does the Netherlands’ performance in the FIFA World Cup influence national morale or mental health?

    I found a dataset on Kaggle that I am basing this paper on. The FIFA World Cup 1930–2022 dataset is a comprehensive historical record of every match played in the tournament from its inception in 1930 through the most recent edition in 2022. Each entry in the dataset represents a single match and includes detailed information such as the tournament year, stage (e.g., group stage, quarterfinals, final), match date and time, stadium, city, and host country. It also records the names and codes of the home and away teams, their respective scores, and the final outcome of the match (win, loss, or draw). Additional fields capture whether the match involved extra time or penalty shootouts, and the results of those if applicable. This structured dataset enables in-depth analysis of team performance, tournament progression, and historical trends, making it a valuable resource for sports researchers, data analysts, and fans alike.

https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/jahaidulislam/fifa-world-cup-1930-2022-all-match-dataset

    I want to explore how national team performance correlates with public sentiment or national pride, especially in countries like the Netherlands where soccer (Football) is a big part of the culture. Governments, mental health organizations, or media outlets could use this kind of data to time public health campaigns during major tournaments to boost engagement, promote community events that foster unity and reduce loneliness, and monitor mental health trends during and after major wins or losses.

    The FIFA dataset allows me to track the Netherlands’ performance over time, analyze outcomes and trends, and then correlate performance with public sentiment or mental health trends to build visualizations and data-driven arguments for my research.

    The FIFA World Cup 1930-2022 dataset is publicly available and does not contain personal or sensitive information but there are still a few ethical and privacy considerations to keep in mind when using it in an academic way. The dataset is historical and factual, but errors in match records or misrepresentations of results could lead to misleading conclusions. It is important for me to cite my sources and clarify any assumptions or transformations made during analysis. Using match outcomes to draw conclusions about national sentiment or mental health must be done carefully. Correlation does not imply causation, and such interpretations should be supported by additional evidence and clearly labeled as speculative. Football is deeply tied to national identity and pride. Presenting data in a way that appears biased, dismissive, or overly critical of a team or country could be seen as insensitive. Visualization and commentary should be respectful and balanced. If I incorporate Google trends or social media data, I need to be mindful of user privacy to avoid identifying individuals or quoting private content. Online sentiment may not represent the entire population and can be skewed by media coverage or bots.

    The FIFA World Cup is more than a sporting event in the Netherlands—it is a cultural phenomenon that unites the nation. Historical data shows that the Netherlands has had several strong World Cup performances, notably in 1974, 2010, and 2014, where the team reached the final or semifinals. These moments often coincide with surges in national pride and public enthusiasm.

    Research by FIFA and the World Health Organization highlights the emotional toll of international football, not just on players but also on fans. Campaigns like #ReachOut were launched to address the mental health challenges that arise during such high-stakes tournaments. (FIFA, 2023)

    Public sentiment, as reflected in social media and Google Trends, often mirrors the team's performance—victories spark joy and unity, while losses can lead to short-term dips in mood or increased stress.

Peak performance occurred in 1974, 2010, and 2014, when the team reached the final or semifinals. (Chakravorty, 2022)

    This relationship suggests a practical application: mental health organizations and public institutions could time awareness campaigns or community events around major tournaments. By aligning with moments of national attention, these efforts could reach wider audiences and provide support when emotions are running high. (McMorrow, 2022)

References:

Chakravorty, J. (2022, December 6). FIFA World Cup 2022: Tackling stress off-field. Happiest
Health. https://www.happiesthealth.com/articles/mental-health/stress-during-world-cup

FIFA. (2023, October 10). World of football continues to take strides to raise mental health
awareness. https://inside.fifa.com/health-and-medical/news/world-of-football-continues-to-take￾strides-to-raise-mental-health-awareness

Islam, J. (2023). FIFA World Cup 1930–2022 All Match Dataset [Data set].
Kaggle. https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/jahaidulislam/fifa-world-cup-1930-2022-all-match￾dataset

McMorrow, J., & Rice, R. (2022, November 8). Call to protect footballers’ mental health during
the World Cup. Pinsent Masons. https://www.pinsentmasons.com/out-law/news/protect￾footballers-mental-health-world-cup

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